Paragraph A
Deer are not indigenous to Australia. They were introduced into the country during the nineteenth century under the acclimatization programs governing the introduction of exotic species of animals and birds into Australia. Six species of deer were released at various locations. The animals dispersed and established wild populations at various locations across Australia, mostly depending upon their points of release into the wild. These animals formed the basis for the deer industry in Australia today
Commercial deer farming in Australia commenced in Vitoria in 1971 with the authorized capture of rusa deer from Royal National Park. Until 1985, only four species of deer, two from temperate climates (red, fallow) and two tropical species (rusa, chital) were confined for commercial farming. Late in 1985, pressure from industry to increase heard numbers saw the development of import protocols. This resulted in the introduction of large numbers of red deer hybrids from New Zealand and North American elk directly from Canada. The national farmed deer herd is now distributed throughout all states although most are in New South Wales and Vitoria
Paragraph B
The number of animals processed annually has continued to increase despite the downward trend in venison prices since 1997. Of concern is the apparent increase in the number of female animals processed and the number of whole herds committed for processing with more than 40,000 animals processed in 1998/99 and 60,000 in 1999/2000, there is justified concern that future years may see a dramatic drop in production. At least 85% of all venison produced is exported in an unprocessed state to Asia.
Scheme to promote Australian deer products continue to have positive effect on sales that in turn have a possitive effect on prices paid to growers. The industry appears to be showing limited signs that it is emerging from a state of despression cause both internal and external factors that include: (i) the Asian currency downturn; (ii) the industry is lack of of competitive advantage in influential markets (particularly in respect to New Zealand competition) , and: (iii) within industry processing and marketing competition for limited product volumes of venision
Paragraph C
From the formation of the Australisan Deer Breeders Fedaration in 1979, the industry representative body has evolved through the Deer Farmers Federation of Australia to the Deer Industry Association of Australia Ltd (DIAA), which was registered in 1995. The industry has established two product development and marketing companies, the Australian Deer Horn and Co-Products Pty Ltd (ADH) and the Deer Industry projects and Development Pty Ltd, which trades as the Deer Industry Company (DIC). ADH collects and markets Australian deer horn and coproducts on behalf of Australian deer farmers. It promotes the harvest of velvet antler according to the strict quality assurance program promoted by the industry. The company also plans and co-ordinates regualar velvet accredilation courses for Australian deer frarmers.
Pargraph D
Estimates sugguest that until the early 1990s the rate of the annual increase in the number of farmed deer was up to 25%, but after 1993 this rate of increase fell to probably less than 10%. The main reasons for the decline in the deer herd growth rate at such a critical time for market were: (i) severe drought condition up to 1998 affecting eastern Australia during 1993-96 and (ii) the consequent slaughter of large numbers of breeding females, at very low prices. These factors combined to decrease confidence within the industry. Lack of confidence saw a drop in new investment within the industry and a lack of willingness of established farmers to expand their herds. With the development of strong overseas markets for venison and velvet and the prospect of better seasons ahead in 1996, the trends described were herd was seen to impose undesirable restraints on the rate at which herd numbers could be expanded to meet the demands for products.
Supply difficulties were exacerbated when the supply of products, particularly venison, was maintained by the slaughter of young breeding females. The net result depletion of the industry's femaile breeding herds
Paragraph E
Industry programs are funded by statutory levies on sales of animals for venison, velvet antler sales and the sale of live animals into export markets. The industry has a 1996-2000 five year plan including animal nutrition, pasture quality, carcass quality, antler harvesting promotional meterial and technical bulletins. All projects have generated a significant volume of information, which compliments similar work undertaken in New Zealand and other deer farming countries.
Major projects funded by levy funds include the Venison Market Project from 1992 to 1996. This initiative resulted in a dramatic increase in international demand for Australian venison and an increase in the domestic consumption of venison. In an effort to maintain existing venison markets in the short term and to increase them in the long term, in 1997 the industry's top priority became the increase in size and production capacity of the national herd.
Commercial deer farming in Australia commenced in Vitoria in 1971 with the authorized capture of rusa deer from Royal National Park. Until 1985, only four species of deer, two from temperate climates (red, fallow) and two tropical species (rusa, chital) were confined for commercial farming. Late in 1985, pressure from industry to increase heard numbers saw the development of import protocols. This resulted in the introduction of large numbers of red deer hybrids from New Zealand and North American elk directly from Canada. The national farmed deer herd is now distributed throughout all states although most are in New South Wales and Vitoria
Hươu không phải là loài động vật bản địa của Úc. Chúng được giới thiệu tại Úc trong thế kỷ 19 trong khuôn khổ chương trình thích nghi khí hậu cho các loài động vật và các loài chim. Sáu loài hươu đã được thả ra tại nhiều địa phương khác nhau. Chúng đã phân tán rộng ở nhiều địa phương khác nhau trên khắp nước Úc, chủ yếu phụ thuộc vào vị trí mà con người đã thả chúng vào tự nhiên. Những con hươu này đã thiết lập cơ sở cho ngành chăn nuôi hươu ở Úc ngày nay.
Hươu bắt đầu được nuôi thương mại tại bang Victoria của Úc vào năm 1971 với việc bắt một số con hươu và nai từ công viên quốc gia (Royal National Park). Kể từ năm 1985 chỉ có 4 loài hươu được cho phép nuôi thương mại trong đó có hai loài ôn đới (red và fallow) và hai loài nhiệt đới (rusa và chital). Cuối năm 1985, áp lực gia tăng số lượng đàn hươu đã thúc đẩy việc phát triển các hiệp ước nhập khẩu mới, kết quả là việc giới thiệu hàng loạt các loài hươu đỏ lai giữa loài hươu của New Zealand và bắc Mỹ với các loài từ Canada. Các đàn hươu hiện nay phân bố ở khắp các bang của nước Úc tuy nhiên số lượng tập trung lớn nhất là ở hai bang New South Wale và bang Victoria.
Paragraph B
The number of animals processed annually has continued to increase despite the downward trend in venison prices since 1997. Of concern is the apparent increase in the number of female animals processed and the number of whole herds committed for processing with more than 40,000 animals processed in 1998/99 and 60,000 in 1999/2000, there is justified concern that future years may see a dramatic drop in production. At least 85% of all venison produced is exported in an unprocessed state to Asia.
Scheme to promote Australian deer products continue to have positive effect on sales that in turn have a possitive effect on prices paid to growers. The industry appears to be showing limited signs that it is emerging from a state of despression cause both internal and external factors that include: (i) the Asian currency downturn; (ii) the industry is lack of of competitive advantage in influential markets (particularly in respect to New Zealand competition) , and: (iii) within industry processing and marketing competition for limited product volumes of venision
Sản lượng động vật chế biến hàng năm tiếp tục gia tăng bất kể xu hướng giảm giá thịt động vật và thú rừng kể từ năm 1997. Minh chứng cho điều này là sự gia tăng rất rõ ràng về số lượng các động vật cái đã được chế biến và số lượng đàn hươu được cam kết cho chế biến. Con số hơn 40,000 con được chế biến năm 1998/1999 và hơn 60,000 con được chế biến năm 1999/2000 đem đến một sự quan ngại về khả năng suy giảm sản lượng một cách đáng kể trong những năm tới. Ít nhất 85% thịt thú rừng chế biến tại Úc là phục vụ cho xuất khẩu, trong đó phần lớn là xuất khẩu sang châu Âu. Tối thiểu 90% lượng nhung hươu của Úc được xuất khẩu dưới dạng thô (chưa qua chế biến) cho các nước châu Á.
Các kế hoạch để thúc đẩy phát triển các sản phẩm từ hươu của Úc tiếp tục có những tác động tích cực tới việc bán sản phẩm và do đó có tác động tích cực tới thu nhập của người nuôi hươu. Có những dấu hiệu không thật rõ ràng rằng sự gia tăng sản lượng đó là bởi các nguyên nhân chủ quan và khách quan như: (i) Sự mất giá của các đồng tiền ở châu Á, (ii) Các thị trường khác đặc biệt là New Zealand có lợi thế cạnh trang thấp hơn, (iii) Sự giới hạn số lượng các loại sản phẩm thịt thú rừng.
Paragraph C
From the formation of the Australisan Deer Breeders Fedaration in 1979, the industry representative body has evolved through the Deer Farmers Federation of Australia to the Deer Industry Association of Australia Ltd (DIAA), which was registered in 1995. The industry has established two product development and marketing companies, the Australian Deer Horn and Co-Products Pty Ltd (ADH) and the Deer Industry projects and Development Pty Ltd, which trades as the Deer Industry Company (DIC). ADH collects and markets Australian deer horn and coproducts on behalf of Australian deer farmers. It promotes the harvest of velvet antler according to the strict quality assurance program promoted by the industry. The company also plans and co-ordinates regualar velvet accredilation courses for Australian deer frarmers.
Pargraph D
Estimates sugguest that until the early 1990s the rate of the annual increase in the number of farmed deer was up to 25%, but after 1993 this rate of increase fell to probably less than 10%. The main reasons for the decline in the deer herd growth rate at such a critical time for market were: (i) severe drought condition up to 1998 affecting eastern Australia during 1993-96 and (ii) the consequent slaughter of large numbers of breeding females, at very low prices. These factors combined to decrease confidence within the industry. Lack of confidence saw a drop in new investment within the industry and a lack of willingness of established farmers to expand their herds. With the development of strong overseas markets for venison and velvet and the prospect of better seasons ahead in 1996, the trends described were herd was seen to impose undesirable restraints on the rate at which herd numbers could be expanded to meet the demands for products.
Supply difficulties were exacerbated when the supply of products, particularly venison, was maintained by the slaughter of young breeding females. The net result depletion of the industry's femaile breeding herds
Paragraph E
Industry programs are funded by statutory levies on sales of animals for venison, velvet antler sales and the sale of live animals into export markets. The industry has a 1996-2000 five year plan including animal nutrition, pasture quality, carcass quality, antler harvesting promotional meterial and technical bulletins. All projects have generated a significant volume of information, which compliments similar work undertaken in New Zealand and other deer farming countries.
Major projects funded by levy funds include the Venison Market Project from 1992 to 1996. This initiative resulted in a dramatic increase in international demand for Australian venison and an increase in the domestic consumption of venison. In an effort to maintain existing venison markets in the short term and to increase them in the long term, in 1997 the industry's top priority became the increase in size and production capacity of the national herd.
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